Civil Engineering

Civil Engineering is one of the most important branches of engineering, and its historical roots date back to around 3000 BC. The products of modern civil engineering—such as buildings and bridges, facilities, distribution networks, transmission and transportation lines, roads, water structures, and infrastructure facilities—are used directly or indirectly by people at all times. Civil engineers can be employed in both the public and private sectors, including municipalities, the contracting sector, organizations operating in consultancy fields, educational institutions, research and development units and technoparks, industries producing construction materials, the trade and service sectors, consultancy organizations, Turkish State Railways, the General Directorate of Highways, units affiliated with the General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works, and the Ministry of Public Works and Housing, at all levels. The types of work carried out are highly diverse and include planning, design, contracting services, manufacturing, construction, operation and maintenance, sales and marketing, and renovation activities. Civil engineering traditionally comprises the following sub-disciplines: Structural engineering, which is concerned with the design and construction of all types of structures such as buildings and bridges for shelter and transportation purposes; Geotechnical engineering, which focuses on the properties of soils on which buildings and other structures are founded, the basic principles of soil mechanics, the use of geotechnical data in foundation design, excavation works, retaining walls, and earth-fill dam structures; Infrastructure management and construction technologies applications, which generally cover project implementation management within the scope of field engineering, the selection and application of construction materials, and construction technologies; Transportation engineering, which includes the planning, design, construction, operation, and rehabilitation of airports, rail systems, and highways; Engineering mechanics, which deals with the integrated application of applied mathematics, mechanics, and other related fields, thereby enabling a better understanding of material properties, the mechanical behavior of fluids and solids, hydraulic phenomena, and structural systems, and making design and implementation possible; Water resources engineering, which covers hydrology, the planning of structures and pipeline networks related to the abstraction, transmission, and distribution of water from natural sources to meet the needs of human settlements, industries, and agricultural activities, as well as urban drainage, flood control, and flood damage analysis; Materials engineering, which includes material science, material testing, and the mechanical properties of materials used in buildings and other structures; and Infrastructure engineering, which involves the proper removal and disposal of wastewater collected from residential areas.